Recent Advances in Metal–Organic Framework-Based Nanozymes for Enhanced Biosensing Applications

In recent years, with the rapid development of materials science, there has been a significant increase in the focus on nanozymes. Metal–organic framework (MOF)-based nanozymes are a class of porous organic–inorganic coordination materials capable of mimicking the catalytic activity center of natural enzymes. The properties of MOF-based nanozymes include high specific surface area and porosity, structural diversity and customizability, and excellent catalytic activity and stability. Through rational design, the activity of MOF-based nanozymes can be further enhanced to promote their application in biosensing and other fields. This paper systematically investigates the intrinsic relationship between the structure of MOFs and their catalytic performance, with a focus on the diverse catalytic activities of MOF-based nanozymes, including peroxidase, oxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and hydrolase. It reviews optimization strategies for the key parameters, such as selectivity and stability, summarizing the advances in synthesis strategies. Furthermore, the application progress of MOF-based nanozymes in the field of biosensing is reviewed, covering areas such as biomarker detection, virus recognition, and the screening of pathogenic microorganisms, among others. This review provides a systematic discussion of the opportunities and challenges in the development of MOF-based nanozymes, identifies the key scientific issues that are driving the field forward, and offers important references for optimizing MOFs’ structural designs and developing high-efficiency biochemical sensors.