Models and architectures for communication between patients and adaptive smart medical wards

In this paper, existing smart medical ward technologies, human–machine interaction approaches, and communication architectures were analyzed on the basis of their ability to support patient-centered interaction. The diversity of patient abilities, limitations, and communication preferences in smart medical wards was researched to formulate requirements for adaptive communication models. A static conceptual model of communication participants, modalities, modality parameters, and patient capabilities was proposed to formally describe interaction processes in smart wards. Limitations of static interaction schemes and predefined personalization mechanisms were revealed through examination of dynamic changes in patient functional states. An adaptive communication model incorporating medical records, patient profiles, modality selection, and feedback mechanisms was introduced as a structured closed interaction loop. The role of communication modalities and their parameters in enabling dynamic reconfiguration of interaction scenarios was analyzed within the proposed adaptive framework. The integration of adaptive communication mechanisms into a mobile diagnostic application architecture based on the Model–View–Controller pattern was shown through an implementation example. Architectural modifications at the Model, View, and Controller levels enabling patient-specific adaptive interaction behavior were suggested to demonstrate practical realization of the proposed models.