Análisis de variables sociodemográficas, psicológicas, físicas y técnicas de los futbolistas ciegos en relación con su rol de juego: estudio exploratorio

This study explored the profiles of blind 5-a-side soccer players (F5) based on psychological, sociodemographic, technical, and physical fitness variables. Cross-sectional study with a non-experimental design. The sample consisted of ten male athletes divided into defenders (n=5) with a height of 172.93±9.87 cm and a body mass of 82.73±14.85 kg, and forwards (n=5) with a height of 170.16±4.63 cm and a body mass of 68.16±6.83 kg. The Psychological Characteristics Related to Sports Performance Questionnaire (CPRD) was used to assess stress control, performance evaluation, motivation, mental ability, and team cohesion. A Likert-type questionnaire was validated by expert judgment to assess sociodemographic characteristics (sleep, work activity, health status). The technical variables assessed were pass effectiveness (%), dribbling (s), and shot effectiveness (%). The physical fitness variables analyzed were: Abalakov, unilateral Drop Jump, Nordics, Single-Leg Balance, 5+5 COD-Timer, Speed over 5, 10, 15, and 20 meters, Running Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST), Yo-Yo test, and Sit and Reach. Specific evaluation protocols were developed for each variable studied, following national and international ethical guidelines. Multiple factorial analyses were performed to define the variance contributed by each of the variables. The analysis identified three distinct profiles based on unilateral jump variables, anthropometric measurements, and sociodemographic data. These findings suggest that performance in F5 does not respond to a single factor, but rather to the interaction of multiple dimensions, underscoring the need for specific characterizations according to playing roles and competitive contexts.