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Telemedicine, the remote delivery of healthcare services using digital technologies, has gained unprecedented momentum globally, especially catalysed by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study analyses the growth trends of telemedicine worldwide, with a specific focus on India’s evolving digital health landscape. Employing a systematic review of secondary data from authoritative sources such as WHO, McKinsey, Statista, and Indian government reports, alongside peer-reviewed literature, the study examines market expansion, key enabling technologies, regulatory frameworks, and adoption barriers. The global telemedicine market is projected to exceed USD 250 billion by 2024, driven by advancements in 5G, AI, and integrated health policies. India’s telemedicine sector, growing at an estimated CAGR of 31%, is shaped by initiatives like eSanjeevani and the National Digital Health Mission, albeit challenged by rural digital divides and infrastructural limitations. Comparative analysis reveals divergent technology adoption patterns and policy maturity levels between the global North and India, emphasizing unique opportunities for rural healthcare outreach in the Indian context. The findings underscore the critical need for inclusive policies, public-private partnerships, and technological innovation to harness telemedicine’s full potential. This research contributes to understanding telemedicine’s role in shaping future healthcare delivery models in both developed and developing economies.