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This paper introduces the Filtered Configuration Framework (FCF), a formal approach to analyzing the origin and observability of complex structures, with a primary application to abiogenesis. Standard discussions of the origin of life are typically framed as a problem of probabilistic generation under early Earth conditions. Such approaches implicitly assume that the space of observable structures reflects the space of generative possibilities. This work challenges that assumption. Within FCF, observable structures are understood as the result of successive filtering processes acting on a broader configuration space. Three distinct but coupled constraints are identified: — generation constraints (what can be formed),— survival constraints (what can persist),— observability constraints (what can be registered through an interface). Two principles are formalized as axioms: 1. Environmental Filtering: observable configurations are those that remain stable under given environmental conditions.2. Generation–Survival Decoupling: the conditions required for formation may differ from those required for persistence. From these principles, formal consequences are derived showing that:— observability does not imply local generability,— absence in empirical data does not imply impossibility,— and the observed domain is a biased subset shaped by multiple filtering stages. The framework is further extended through Coherent Observational Epistemology (COE), where observation is treated as an interface-constrained process. This introduces an additional epistemic filter, emphasizing that empirical data reflects only configurations compatible with both environmental and observational conditions. Within this formulation, scenarios such as external generation and transfer (e.g., panspermia) emerge as logically consistent without requiring speculative assumptions. More generally, FCF provides a unified language for describing how configurations are generated, filtered, and rendered observable across physical and epistemic domains. The framework applies not only to biological systems, but to physical and chemical structures in general. This work reframes abiogenesis from a problem of local emergence to a problem of filtered persistence and accessibility.