Adaptation, validity and reliability of hypoglycemic confidence scale into Turkish: Mixed methods research

This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Hypoglycemic Confidence Scale (HCS) and to examine its applicability through qualitative analysis. A mixed-methods embedded design with embedded instrument development and validation variant was used for scale adaptation and validation. The sample consisted of 301 individuals with diabetes attending the endocrinology outpatient clinic of a university hospital. Data were collected using a sociodemographic form, the HCS, the Hypoglycemia Fear Scale, and a semi-structured interview form. Quantitative analyses included descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, Cronbach’s alpha, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic and descriptive methods. As a result, it was found that the Turkish version of the HCS is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing confidence in managing hypoglycemia among individuals with diabetes. The integration of qualitative findings further supports its clinical applicability. The scale may be useful in nursing education and counseling interventions aimed at strengthening hypoglycemia management confidence.