Тechnological models for sustainable productivity of fruit orchards agrocenoses using innovative biologized techniques

Abstract. The results of 2025 research, based on the identified dependencies and interrelations of fruit agrocenoses components are algorithms for the formation of technological models for ensuring sustainable productivity of fruit agrocenoses based on the developed techniques, methods and elements of biologized agrotechnologies. Techniques for crown formation based on the Russian spindle type have been developed, modified to differ from foreign and domestic analogues – the Russian spindle with green operations and the Russian spindle modified with elongated shoots for the domestically bred apple varieties Margo and Orfey. Improved tree training systems ensure uniform crop load across the canopy layers, resulting in intense fruit color and increased yield. Foliar treatments with amino acid-based biostimulants have been shown to have a positive effect on both fruit size and yield of premium and first-grade commercial varieties, as well as an increase in average fruit weight of up to 20 % in the apple varieties studied. An algorithm for assessing the ecological state of soils has been developed, based on the definition of a system of indicators: an agrochemical assessment of soils based on properties that provide the best nutritional regime for the growth of a particular crop; a biological assessment of the ecological parameters of the main groups of soil-inhabiting microorganisms and the enzymatic activity of soils, including a modified methodology for assessing the ecological state of soils in fruit orchards agrocenoses. To assess the suitability of forest soils in the foothills for cultivation, the indicator of field moisture of the soil root layer has been introduced into the list of criteria for their quality for planting fruit crops, especially during the period of critical high temperatures in the summer. A new method for detecting the primary inoculum of coccomycosis on cherry and sweet cherry leaves ensures the prevention of tree infestation, with protection against coccomycosis at 85-99 % efficiency. The developed technological model for protecting pear trees from the pear psylla takes into account the identified developmental characteristics of the phytophage and includes a system for applying effective agrochemicals and insecticides that target specific stages of the pest's development. Key words: fruit orchards cenoses, environmental stress impacts, variety-oriented apple tree crown training system, parameters of suitable soils for orchards, nutrition optimization, technological models, control of pathogens and pests Financing source: The research was carried out within the State Task of Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation for the FSBSI NCFSCHVW