Modeling and hardware realization of optogenetically modulated neuronal networks integrating Hodgkin–Huxley and Channelrhodopsin-2 models

This work presents a high-fidelity hardware simulation system implemented on a Field-Programmable Gate Array for optogenetically modulated neuronal networks. A hybrid neuron model is developed by integrating Hodgkin–Huxley electrophysiological dynamics with a Channelrhodopsin-2 photocurrent model. The system is discretized in Simulink and deployed to the hardware platform via hardware description language code generation, incorporating a custom micro–light-emitting diode array to provide optical stimulation. The network response under varying optical stimulation conditions is recorded and compared with results obtained from software simulations and biological reference data. The study describes the modeling, hardware implementation, and experimental procedures involved in constructing a real-time optogenetic neural simulation platform.