Application of remote sensing for assessing winter wheat productivity in the Shakki District of Azerbaijan

This study assessed the effectiveness of using Earth remote sensing data to analyze winter wheat productivity in the natural and climatic conditions of the Republic of Azerbaijan. A statistically significant relationship was established between yield and NDVI values for winter wheat crops within the soil and climatic zones of the Sheki region. Based on NDVI values, the degree of plant development and physiological condition were determined. The growth and development characteristics of winter wheat, as well as yield patterns, were analyzed using NDVI data. This approach has been shown to yield highly objective estimates and to enable analysis across vast agricultural territories. Satellite data and their derivatives are shown to play a key role in the information support system for the agricultural sector. The paper proposes the use of Sentinel-2 satellite images and the NDVI index for agricultural land analysis. The study utilizes the Sentinel-2A satellite image, which boasts high spatial and spectral resolution (10, 20, and 60 m) and broad spatial coverage. It has been established that maximum NDVI values are associated with the heading phase of agricultural crops. A gradual increase in NDVI indices is noted, reaching peak values during the heading and flowering phases (0.43 for a sample greater than 5% and 0.35, respectively). The results obtained can be used to forecast winter wheat yields.