The effectiveness of periodic medical examinations in the early diagnosis of cardiovascular and oncological diseases

Introduction. Achieving longevity in work requires early diagnosis and timely correction of not only occupational but also chronic non-communicable diseases. To optimize the methodology for managing the health risk of employees, comparative studies of the effectiveness of various forms of organization of screening diagnostics are advisable.The study aims to compare the effectiveness of periodic medical examinations (PME) of workers in adverse working conditions and medical examinations of certain groups of the adult population for early diagnosis of cardiovascular and oncological diseases.Materials and methods. The authors have conducted a retrospective analysis of the PME results (Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 29n dated 01/28/2021) of employees of engineering enterprises aged 40–60 years for 2025. The main group (n=312), in comparison with the results of the first stage of medical examination (Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 404n dated 04/27/2021), was a control group consisting of employees of those enterprises of the same types of economic activity, formed according to the 1:1 compliance index by age, production factor (silicon dioxide dust, organic solvents, local vibration), n=312. The sources of information were outpatient medical records (form No. 046/y) for the main group, medical examination records (form No. 131/y) for the control group, and data from the Unified State Information System in the Field of Healthcare in the Novosibirsk Region. The endpoints are cases of newly diagnosed diseases of the circulatory system (ICD–10 codes I10-I25, I30–I69), malignant neoplasms (ICD–10 codes C00–C97).Results. In the PME group, there were more cases of hypertension (OR 2.82, 95% CI 1.67–4.76), coronary heart disease (OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.06–7.14), atrial fibrillation (OR 3.08, 95% CI 1.01–9.66), heart failure (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.10–6.48). Experts identified more risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, especially type 2 diabetes/prediabetes (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.10–4.31) and tobacco smoking (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.13-2.19). The early stage of heart disease was diagnosed mainly with PME. There were also more cases of malignant neoplasms in the PMO group — 11 (2.5%), of which 9 were at an early stage, compared with 5 (1.6%) during medical examination (χ2=3.01, p=0.049). The percentage of confirmation of diagnoses during further examination was higher in the PME group.Limitations. The limitations of the study are due to a single–center, single-stage design; data bias related to sources — databases of medical documentation — is possible.Conclusion. For those working under the influence of adverse industrial factors, PME are more effective than clinical examination for the early diagnosis of cardiovascular and oncological diseases.Ethics. The study was conducted in compliance with the Ethical principles set out in the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association; in accordance with the ethical standards and regulations stipulated in the Bulletin of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation No. 3 of 2002. The study design included only the analysis of medical records and electronic databases.Contributions:Shpagina L.A. — research concept and design, data collection and analysis, text writing;Kondyurina E.G. — data collection and analysis, text writing;Zelenskaya V.V. — data collection and analysis, writing text;Kotova O.S. — data collection and analysis, text writing;Karmanovskaya S.A. — data collection and analysis, writing text;Kuznetsova G.V. — data collection and analysis, text writing;Kamneva N.V. — data collection and analysis, writing text;Surovenko T.N. — writing the text.Funding. The study had no funding.Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest,Received: 14.02.2026 / Accepted: 20.02.2026 / Published: 27.03.2026