Susceptibility Pattern of ESBL Producing Uropathogenic Escherichia coli against the Methanolic Extract of Bitter Kola

Aim: To evaluate the susceptibility pattern of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) against methanolic extracts of bitter kola (Garcinia kola). Study Design: A cross-sectional laboratory-based study. Place and Duration of Study: ESUT Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria, between August and October 2024. Methodology: 100 urine samples were collected from suspected urinary tract infection (UTI) patients, which yielded 88 bacterial isolates. E. coli was identified via biochemical testing, and ESBL production was confirmed using the Double Disk Synergy Test (DDST). Phytochemical analysis of G. kola was performed to identify bioactive compounds. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the agar well diffusion method at concentrations ranging from neat to 1:50. Results: Out of 34 (39%) identified E. coli strains, 10 (29%) were confirmed as ESBL producers. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, and alkaloids. The neat extract demonstrated significant inhibitory activity, with zones of inhibition (ZOI) ranging from 10 mm to 20 mm. Antibacterial efficacy followed a clear dose-response relationship, with potency decreasing significantly at lower concentrations. Conclusion: Methanolic extracts of G. kola exhibit potent in vitro antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant ESBL-producing UPEC. These findings suggests that bitter kola holds potential as a natural therapeutic alternative or adjunct for managing resistant UTIs. Further research is required to establish in vivo efficacy and safety profiles.