Migration and challenges in Madagascar

Madagascar faces unique and complex migration dynamics driven by environmental, economic, and social challenges. This paper explores both internal and external migration patterns, with a focus on the root causes, destinations, and socio-economic implications. Special attention is given to urbanization in mining towns, vulnerabilities of migrants, and the role of international and domestic policy responses. The study uses a multidisciplinary approach combining field research, statistical analysis, and policy review, drawing from scholarly and institutional references to provide a comprehensive understanding of migration in Madagascar. This comprehensive examination aims to provide policymakers, development partners, and scholars with insights to guide future interventions.