Characterization of the morphological and ecological characteristics of the endemic Phlomis chimerae Boissieu, in Antalya, Türkiye

Abstract Phlomis chimerae Boissieu is an endemic species found in the western region of Antalya, Türkiye. Due to its pharmacological properties, the species is being harvested indiscriminately and faces increasing anthropogenic pressure. This study aimed to determine the morphological diversity and habitat conditions of P. chimerae in its natural populations and to evaluate its potential for use as an ornamental plant. Morphological characterization was performed on 44 individuals representing nine natural populations, sampled at intervals of ≥ 100 m, based on 39 characters. Variance, principal component, and cluster analyses were performed on the obtained mean values. The findings revealed that the species has a very narrow distribution range, occurring primarily on steep slopes from sea level to 500 m. It was determined that approximately 70% of the populations preferred habitats oriented east-southeast-south-southwest. PCA and UPGMA analyses confirmed that morphological characteristics showed significant variation within and between populations.The results are expected to provide a scientific basis for understanding the distribution of P. chimerae , evaluating it as an ornamental plant, and conducting breeding studies for the conservation of the species.