Contraste lexicográfico de la variación de fraseologismos en la novelística garciamarquiana

This article examines phraseological variation based on a corpus of phraseological expressions from novels by Gabriel García Márquez, using a lexicographical comparison among the Diccionario de la Lengua Española (DRAE 2001), the Diccionario Fraseológico Documentado del Español Actual by Seco, Andrés, and Ramos (2004), the Nuevo Diccionario de Colombianismos by Haensch and Werner (1993), and La lengua ladina de García Márquez by Oliveira Castro (2007). Although fixation is the defining characteristic of fixed phraseological units (FPUs), the analysis reveals that some of the identified expressions show significant variation, mainly in the form of verbal substitutions, semantic variations, and diatopic differences across varieties of Spanish. The lexicographic comparison allows us to document how these variations respond both to regional preferences in Colombian Spanish and to differentiated institutionalization processes in different linguistic communities. Additionally, the inherent textual functions proposed by Zuluaga (1997)—phraseological, connotative or evocative, iconic, and playful-poetic—are analyzed, showing how García Márquez expressively employs these variable units to enrich the stylistic and cultural dimensions of his narrative