Non-Fourier Heat Flux on Rotating Magnetized Disk Flow in Water at 50 °C Filled with Low and High Thermal Conductivity of Nanoparticles

The incompressible heat and mass transmission capabilities of SWCNT/MWCNT–graphene hybrid nanofluids flowing over a rotating disk that creates a three-dimensional boundary-layer structure are examined in this work. The model incorporates magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects, non-Fourier heat flux via the Cattaneo–Christov model, viscous dissipation, and nonlinear thermal radiation to more accurately capture the underlying transport physics. Owing to their superior thermophysical behavior, graphene–CNT hybrid nanofluids are widely used in applications such as nano-transistors, cooling technologies, solar devices, biosensors, tissue engineering, and drug delivery, underscoring the importance of understanding their nonlinear flow characteristics. The governing nonlinear PDEs for momentum, energy, and species transport are reduced through similarity transformations into a system of dimensionless ODEs, which are solved efficiently using MATLAB’s bvp4c solver. The numerical results provide detailed velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles, and reveal how magnetic fields, rotation, nonlinear radiation, and nanoparticle composition jointly influence nanofluid transport behavior.