Oral Health Management in Pediatric Surgical Inpatients: Development of Clinical Protocols Based on a Prospective Observational Study

Background/Objectives: Oral health is an essential component of general health, particularly in hospitalized pediatric patients undergoing surgery. Hospitalization may disrupt oral hygiene routines and dietary habits, increasing the risk of oral health deterioration. This prospective observational study aims to develop a standardized oral care protocol for pediatric patients hospitalized for surgical procedures by evaluating changes in oral health status, oral hygiene practices, and dietary habits between hospital admission and discharge. Methods: Children aged 0–17 years undergoing surgery and hospitalized for at least three nights were enrolled. Clinical oral examinations and caregiver-administered questionnaires were performed at admission and at discharge. Oral health status, plaque accumulation, gingival condition, oral pain, hygiene behaviors, and dietary habits were assessed. Results: In total, 118 patients were included. During hospitalization, plaque accumulation significantly increased and oral hygiene practices worsened. Dietary habits changed, with fewer daily meals and a slight reduction in cariogenic food and beverage intake. Oral hygiene instructions or dental examinations were documented in only 2.5% of patients. Based on these observations, a protocol was developed targeting hospitalized patients, their families, and healthcare staff, with the aim of improving oral health conditions during hospitalization. Conclusions: Pediatric surgical hospitalization is associated with a deterioration in oral hygiene behaviors and increased plaque accumulation. The implementation of standardized protocols and the dissemination of preventive oral health knowledge may transform hospitalization into an opportunity to improve oral health in children and adolescents.