Variation in Phototherapy Treatment in Some Selected Hospitals in Ghana

Background: Neonatal jaundice (NNJ), one of the major diseases among neonates, could lead to Kernicterus (brain damage) if not treated well and early. The most significant treatment modality in the management of NNJ is phototherapy (PT). Providing PT by using clinical standards can enhance its effectiveness and safety and minimize PT-related complications. However, research shows that PT has not always been utilized in healthcare settings with low resources, and there is an incomplete understanding of NNJ and the use of PT for its management among trained community health workers (CHWs) and local communities. Objectives: The study aims to provide a basis for standardizing the use of PT to improve practice in Ghana. This was achieved by visiting selected hospitals in Ghana to acquire information on the use of PT and assessing the approach by which PT is administered by health professionals. Methods: The research utilized a descriptive cross-sectional design. Data were gathered using a Likert scale structured questionnaire. In addition, the Chi-square test of independence was used to establish the correlation between sociodemographic characteristics and health care workers’ perspectives on PT treatment. Data analysis was performed using SPSS, and a p-value of 0.05 or less indicates a significant relationship. Results: The study revealed that over half of the participants had a good attitude toward clinical presentation, emphasizing the importance of always testing for bilirubin levels before administering PT treatment. The majority of respondents also demonstrated a good understanding of the importance of calibrating and maintaining PT devices. Lastly, most participants had good knowledge of standard protocols and held a positive attitude toward PT treatment. Conclusions: NNJ is prevalent, and PT has become the gold standard method for treating both full-term and preterm infants affected by it. Therefore, we recommend that other health care facilities assess the effectiveness of their PT devices and follow standard procedures to enhance the efficacy of this treatment.