A comparative evaluation of peri-implant soft and hard tissues between internal hexagonal and internal conical type of implant-abutment connection: A randomized controlled trial

Internal conical IAC showed lower inflammation, improved bone preservation, and shallower probing depths compared to internal hexagonal IAC. Despite small structural effect sizes, the inflammatory response indicated a meaningful biological advantage. Both IAC remain viable, with selection guided by patient-specific needs and long-term outcomes.