Influence of Different Land Configuration And Phosphorus Fertilizer Application On Growth And Yields Of Black–Eyed Bean

A field experiment was carried out in Nawa-i-Barakzai District of Helmand province, Afghanistan, during the spring season (April, 30–August, 5) of 2025, to study the influence of different land configuration and phosphorus fertilizer application on growth parameters and yields performance of black–eyed bean (Vigna unguiculata L.) in Nawa-i-Barakzai District, Helmand province, arid region of Afghanistan. The treatments consisted of three land configuration treatments, viz. broadcast, line sown and raised bed planting method, allocated to main plots and four levels of phosphorus fertilization, viz. 0, 20, 40 and 60 kg P2O5/ha, in subplots. The experiment was conducted in a three-time replicated split plot. The result revealed that different land configuration significantly influenced growth parameters like plant height, leaf area, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation above–ground/plant, root dry weight/plant, number of nodules/plant at maximum flowering stage and tape root length/plant at maximum flowering stage. Numerically higher values for these parameters were observed under the raised bed planting method. furthermore the , raised bed planting method significantly recorded the highest plant height (53.5 cm), leaf area (494.0 cm2), leaf area index (1.77), dry matter accumulation above–ground (41.4 g)/plant, root dry weight (2470.8 mg)/plant, number of nodules (2.39)/plant at maximum flowering stage and tape root length (25.0 cm) at maximum flowering stage. These improvements ultimately led to significantly higher yield attributes, seed yield and stover yield. Similarly higher seed and stover yields were also associated with the raised bed planting method. Among the phosphorus fertilizer application levels, application of 60 kg P2O5/ha, resulted in the highest values of all growth parameters, which led to significantly higher yield attributes, seed yield (2.18 t/ha) and stover yield (6.10 t/ha) compared to all other phosphorus levels.