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Land tenure security remains a critical determinant of sustainable urban development, influencing land use patterns, investment decisions, housing stability, and socio-economic well-being. This study examined the nature and extent of land tenure security in Kuje Area Council, Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Nigeria. A cross-sectional descriptive research design integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches was adopted. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to household landholders, key informant interviews with traditional leaders and government officials, focus group discussions, and field observations. Secondary data were obtained from land administration records and relevant literature. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were subjected to thematic content analysis to ensure triangulation and enhance validity. The findings reveal a complex coexistence of statutory and customary land tenure systems in the study area. Over 66% of respondents had held their land for more than ten years, indicating relative tenure continuity. Approximately 73% expressed confidence in retaining their land rights; however, 27% reported insecurity due to unclear boundaries, lack of documentation, and fear of displacement. Awareness of customary land rights (39.3%) was higher than statutory rights (31.2%), while 29.5% of respondents were unaware of any formal or customary rights. Although 61% knew where to report land disputes, 57.7% expressed distrust in dispute resolution institutions. Furthermore, 31.7% had experienced land-related disputes within the past five years, with encroachment, uncompensated government acquisition, and family disputes identified as major threats. The study concludes that while tenure stability exists in Kuje Area Council, significant structural vulnerabilities persist due to inadequate documentation, weak institutional coordination, limited awareness, and ineffective dispute resolution mechanisms. Strengthening land registration processes, improving public awareness, enhancing institutional transparency, and integrating customary systems into statutory frameworks are essential for promoting equitable and sustainable land tenure security in the area.