Prefrontal cortical modulation during prostration (Sajdah): Neurophysiological Insights from a contemplative practice

The prefrontal cortex is central to executive function, emotional regulation, and top-down control of limbic structures, particularly the amygdala. Dysregulation of prefrontal-limbic connectivity is implicated in anxiety, depression, and stress-related disorders. Contemplative practices enhance prefrontal regulation and reduce limbic reactivity, promoting emotional resilience. Prostration (Sajdah), a forward-flexed posture with forehead contact, represents a distinct embodied contemplative practice integrating posture, attention, and sensory modulation. However, its neurophysiological mechanisms remain insufficiently understood. This narrative review synthesizes evidence from neuroimaging, electrophysiological, and autonomic studies to examine prefrontal cortical modulation during prostration and analogous practices. Findings suggest coordinated modulation of prefrontal-limbic circuits, increased parasympathetic activity, and characteristic cortical oscillatory patterns, supporting reduced cognitive load, enhanced emotional regulation, and improved attentional stability. These observations highlight the potential of posture-based contemplative practices in modulating brain-body interactions and warrant further investigation.