Evaluating the Combined Efficacy of Zingiber officinale Extract and Clarithromycin against Cholera Pathogen

Vibrio cholerae is a significant pathogen responsible for cholera outbreaks worldwide. The rise of antibiotic-resistant strains has necessitated the search for alternative antibacterial agents. This study aimed to characterize V. cholerae isolates and evaluate the antibacterial activity of Zingiber officinale rhizome extract against these isolates, alone and in combination with clarithromycin. V. cholerae isolates were characterized using cultural, morphological, and biochemical tests. Molecular identification was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The phytochemical constituents of Z. officinale extract were analyzed, and its antibacterial activity was assessed using the disc diffusion method. TThree V. cholerae O1 biovar El Tor strains (C6709/VCC6, P27459/VCP2, E7946/VCE7)) were identified, exhibiting characteristic cultural, morphological, and biochemical features. The Z. officinale extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins. The ethanolic extract (EEZ) showed higher inhibition zones against the V. cholerae isolates compared to the aqueous extract (AEZ). Combinations of Z. officinale extracts with clarithromycin (CLA) enhanced antibacterial activity, with EEZ+CLA showing the highest inhibition zones (20.87-26.33 mm). Statistical analysis revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) among the inhibition zones. The study suggests that combining Z. officinale extracts with clarithromycin enhances antibacterial activity against V. cholerae isolates. This study provides valuable data on the antibacterial activity of Z. officinale extract against V. cholerae isolates, highlighting its potential as a natural antibacterial agent against cholera.