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Enabled by advancements in technologies, the shift towards decentralised energy systems has renewed focus on innovative models such as energy sharing and peer-to-peer (P2P) trading between active customers. This shift marks a move away from traditional, centralised energy production and distribution models, placing active customers at the centre of the energy transition. Energy sharing and P2P trading offer opportunities for more democratic, flexible, and efficient energy systems. They support the integration of renewable energy sources, enhance local energy resilience, and foster active citizen engagement and economic participation in the energy transition. However, the feasibility and scalability of sharing and P2P trading schemes are closely tied to the legal and regulatory frameworks that govern energy markets from many aspects, such as governance models of these schemes, rights to access pre-conditional technologies, licences and authorisations, network operations and data management, balancing responsibilities, billing and settlements, sharing of benefits, among others. These changes in governance and behaviour give rise to new roles and responsibilities that must be translated into legal rights and obligations imposed on government institutions and market players. Through the Clean Energy Package (CEP) in 2018 and 2019, the European Union (EU) advanced significant legal reforms aimed at delivering ‘the new deal for energy consumers’. The legal reforms introduced through the Electricity Market Directive (EMD) 2019/944 and Renewable Energy Directive (RED) 2018/2001 harmonised rules that enable active customers, either individually or collectively, to generate, consume, store, sell electricity, or participate in flexibility or energy service schemes. These reforms also allowed active customers to carry out some of these activities via more sophisticated contractual and institutional arrangements, such as P2P trading and energy sharing with Energy Communities (ECs). Furthermore, in the aftermath of the energy crisis, Directive (EU) 2024/1711 amended the Electricity Market Directive by including specific provisions for an energy sharing scheme with detailed rules on roles and responsibilities, complementing the existing framework of energy sharing as collective self-consumption and within ECs. While the EU, by approving the EMD and RED, advanced legal reforms through Directives, the bindingness of these rules on market participants would depend on their transposition into national legislations and regulations of the 27 Member States of the EU. Many of those rules enshrined in these Directives left some degree of discretion to Member States to transpose these rights and obligations differently. Consequently, this could result in divergent allocation of roles and responsibilities among market players across different Member States when active customers engage in energy sharing and P2P trading. The primary goal of the U2Demo project is to develop methods, open-source tools, and platforms that address the needs of active customers engaging in P2P sharing and trading within ECs. These platforms must follow principles of openness, agnosticism, interoperability, scalability, replicability, reliability, security, and trustworthiness. Consequently, they need to be suitable for different Member States, which have the discretion to transpose the rules of EMD and RED in varying ways. To ensure the interoperability and scalability of these online platforms, the law and regulation should be mapped to identify differences between governance models, as well as the allocation of rights and obligations for market participants. This report aims to map the law and regulation that enable the development of consumer-centric models for energy sharing and P2P trading within ECs. The scope of the research is focused on the rules applied to these two activities while being conducted within EC. It does so as U2Demo aims to develop an open-access platform to enable energy sharing and P2P trading within ECs. The research of the report begins by mapping the rules enshrined in EU legislation applicable to ECs and their activities of energy sharing and P2P trading. Then it moves to mapping their transposition into the national jurisdictions of four Member States, where the U2Demo pilots are located: Italy, Portugal, Belgium (Flanders), and the Netherlands. The methodology applied to conduct the research relies on comparative law methodology, which is based on an analytical approach. Comparative law methodology provides tools that ensure consistency in how to conduct legal analysis in different jurisdictions, considering the margin of discretion of Member States to transpose the Directives approved at EU level into national legislation and regulations. It also provides tools for designing legal research that are traceable and replicable through an analytical approach. The analytical framework we create is intended to firstly map the governance framework of Energy Communities, identifying the restrictions. The objective of mapping law and regulation applicable to the development of consumer-centric models for energy sharing and P2P trading within ECs is to identify the rules that enable these models, as well as the convergence and divergences of these rules vertically, between the EU and Member States, and horizontally, among Member States. The law in the legal and regulatory framework enshrines rights and obligations on governmental institutions and market actors, which then determine roles and responsibilities in consumer-centric models for energy sharing and P2P trading within energy communities. The allocation of roles and responsibilities among different actors by law is what is crucial for the development of methods, open-source tools, and platforms that are compatible with the legal and regulatory framework of Member States. The relationship with other tasks and deliverables is substantial. The importance of mapping the legal and regulatory framework is twofold. First, mapping how the law determines the governance of ECs and distributes rights and obligations among market participants while performing energy sharing and P2P trading is fundamental for the development of an open-source online platform in compliance with the law and adaptable to divergences in transposition among Member States. At this point, the outputs of D1.1 give inputs to WP2, WP3 and WP4. Secondly, the output of D1.1. will serve as a starting point for WP6, more precisely T6.4, where policy recommendations for legal and regulatory reforms will be taking shape according to the output of the U2Demo project.