Analysis of existing methods and additive technologies of 3D printing with polymer-ceramic materials

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of additive 3D printing technologies using polymer-ceramic composites (PCCs). Particular attention is paid to the advantages, limitations, and prospects of these materials use in medi­ cine, aerospace, and electronics. Additive manufacturing methods applicable to PCCs are systematized, including fused deposition modeling (FDM), stereolithography (SLA), and lithography-based ceramic molding (LCM). A detailed review of commercial and experimental compositions is presented, along with optimal filler content ranges, printing parameters, and post-processing modes. Comparative data demonstrate that the introduction of ceramic additives improves mechanical strength, thermal stability, and functional properties, but is accompanied by technological challenges such as increased material viscosity, abrasive nozzle wear, and shrinkage during sintering. An analysis of current industrial implementations confirms the growing potential of PCCs for biomedicine, energy, and high-tech industries. Polymer-ceramic composites produced using additive manufacturing methods offer a unique combination of polymer processability and ceramic performance. Despite technological challenges, advances in material formulation, equipment design, and digital integration are rapidly expanding the scope of PCC applications. Further optimization of formulations, printing parameters, and hybrid manufacturing methods will accelerate the transition of polymer-ceramic 3D printing from laboratory research to large-scale industrial use.