Educational Policy of Russia and China in the Context of the Formation of the Russian-Speaking Diaspora

Student migration is an important factor that positively influences the development of higher education systems in countries, and for some countries, such as the Russian Federation and China, it has become a tool to address socioeconomic and demographic challenges. Both Russia and China have policies aimed at attracting international students, making them among the leading countries in the world in terms of number of international students. Factors such as China's large higher education system, geographic proximity, economic ties, and growing global role of its economy, as well as demand for Chinese-language specialists, drive the increase in student numbers, including those from Russia. This paper analyzes the approaches of Russia and China to managing student migration, assesses their effectiveness, and compares them with higher education plans. It also highlights similarities between the two countries and their positions as exporters of higher education. Recommendations are made for Russia to retain graduates within the country. Additionally, the paper focuses on a new aspect of relations between Russia and China - the formation of Russian-speaking communities of young people studying in China.