Prevalence of hepatorenal syndrome in decompensated chronic liver disease patients admitted at civil hospital, Aizawl, Mizoram

Background: Early diagnosis and understanding the precipitating factors of Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), along with prompt treatment to control renal failure, can increase the chances of patient survival. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of HRS and to evaluate the etiology and precipitating factors. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2020 to April 2022 in Civil Hospital Aizawl. A total of 233 individuals of age 18–65 with known case of decompensated chronic liver disease (DCLD) with or without HRS were enrolled using consecutive sampling. Patients were assessed clinically and biochemically, and HRS was diagnosed after applying predefined diagnostic criteria and exclusion of alternative causes of renal impairment. Group comparisons were performed using independent t-test and a Chi-square test with P<0.05 as statistically significant. Data were analyzed using coGuide software, V.1. Results: The prevalence of HRS was 17.60%. Gastrointestinal bleeding and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (24.39%) were the most common precipitating factors for HRS. Hepatitis B virus and Hepatitis C virus infection were detected in 8% and 17%, respectively. Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD), New MELD, MELD-Na, and Child-Pugh Scores were strongly associated with HRS (P<0.001). Hepatic encephalopathy was more common (54%) in HRS patients. Mean serum albumin and mean serum sodium level were significantly lower in HRS-acute kidney injury patients (P<0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of HRS was 17.60%. DCLD patients should be carefully monitored to prevent HRS. Potential precipitating factors should be recognized and removed. Understanding the prevalence and precipitating factors of HRS can help us to provide better treatment and may improve prognosis.