Outdoor and in-store food advertising: food and health-related advertisements in neighbourhoods of low- and middle-socioeconomic status in Stockholm, Sweden

Across all neighbourhoods, advertisements were dominated by unhealthy products, particularly EDNP foods and SSBs. Similar levels of exposure in low- and middle-SES neighbourhoods suggest that neighbourhood SES is not a key predictor of advertising patterns in Stockholm. These findings highlight a widespread exposure to unhealthy food advertising, underscoring the need for public health strategies to address environmental drivers of diet-related outcomes.