TAPSE/sPAP Ratio in Systemic Sclerosis: Evidence From Pulmonary Hypertension and Implications for Early Risk Stratification—A Systematic Review

Current evidence suggests that the ratio between TAPSE/sPAP may represent a clinically accessible marker of right ventricular adaptation to pulmonary vascular load in systemic sclerosis. Nevertheless, the available literature remains limited and largely observational, and proposed threshold values differ across clinical contexts. This index should therefore be interpreted within specific clinical scenarios rather than as a universal prognostic cut-off. Further prospective and multicenter studies are required to clarify TAPSE/sPAP role in screening, risk stratification, and longitudinal assessment of pulmonary vascular disease in systemic sclerosis.