Climate Change as a Risk Multiplier in Supply Chains in the Arab Region

Climate change represents one of the most pressing challenges facing supply chain management in the Arab region. This chapter examines how climate change functions as a risk multiplier, amplifying existing vulnerabilities in supply chains across food security, energy systems, and critical infrastructure. Drawing on recent empirical evidence and theoretical frameworks, this study analyzes the mechanisms through which climate impacts cascade through regional supply networks, creating compound risks that exceed the sum of individual threats. Through systematic literature review and case study analysis of countries including Yemen, Iraq, Sudan, and Palestine, we identify critical adaptation strategies and policy interventions necessary for building resilient supply chains in politically and economically fragile environments. The findings reveal that institutional weaknesses compound climate vulnerabilities, while digital technologies offer promising pathways for enhancing forecasting, monitoring, and transparency.