Influence of nonthermal electrons and positrons on the propagation characteristics of strongly relativistic ion-acoustic solitons in an unmagnetized warm plasma

The theoretical study of ion-acoustic solitary waves in collisionless unmagnetized plasma, which includes nonthermal electrons, nonthermal positrons, and warm relativistic positive ions, has been conducted considering relativistic effects γi≈Ovi6c6 using the reductive perturbation method. The relativistic effect γi≈Ovi6c6 shows a higher amplitude of solitons than that of the relativistic effect γi≈Ovi4c4. This study can be applied to astrophysical phenomena, such as pulsars and supernovae; plasma technology, including thrusters and fusion; and space exploration, involving solar wind and magnetospheres, thereby improving the comprehension of plasma dynamics.