Burden of osteoarthritis and associated risk factors in tribal communities of central India

Background: Osteoarthritis is a major public health problem among older adults, leading to pain, functional limitation, and disability. Its prevalence increases with age and is higher among women. Rural and tribal populations engaged in physically demanding occupations may be particularly vulnerable due to socioeconomic disadvantage, poor nutrition, and limited access to healthcare. This study aimed to assess the burden of osteoarthritis among the rural tribal population of Burhanpur district, Madhya Pradesh, India. Methods: A community-based observational study was conducted among patients attending mobile healthcare outpatient services under the Tribal Sub-Plan in five tribal villages of Burhanpur district. A total of 801 patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis were included. Sociodemographic, occupational, nutritional, and clinical details were recorded and analysed using descriptive statistics. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and are presented as frequencies and percentages. Results: Osteoarthritis was more prevalent among women and individuals engaged in agricultural labour. The majority of affected patients belonged to Scheduled Tribe communities with low socioeconomic status and poor nutritional profiles. A higher proportion of patients exhibited Balghami Mizāj (phlegmatic temperament). Conclusions: Osteoarthritis constitutes a significant health burden among the rural tribal population of Burhanpur. Female gender, agricultural occupation, low socioeconomic status, poor nutrition, heavy physical workload, and excessive joint use appear to increase vulnerability. Targeted preventive, nutritional, and rehabilitative interventions through tribal health programmes are warranted.