U2Demo_D2.1_P2P market and energy sharing designs and consumer participation processes

This report outlines the foundational framework for enabling peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading and energy sharing within energy communities across Europe. As part of Work Package 2 of the Horizon Europe-funded U2Demo project, this report introduces a set of functional architecture templates designed to support the development and deployment of open-source tools and platforms for energy democratization. The report identifies and analyses nine collective energy activities, interactions of a community as a group within the electricity system, relevant to the U2Demo pilots in the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy, and Portugal. These activities range from managing grid constraints (kW-max) and trading flexibility, to models of energy sharing and community self-balancing. Each pilot demonstrates unique priorities and constraints, offering insights into the diversity of local implementations. A central theme of the report is the role of coordination mechanisms: processes that align individual member actions within a community. The report categorizes coordination types (e.g., direct control, mediated cooperation, implicit competition) and evaluates their impact on functional architecture design. The deliverable presents functional templates for each collective energy activity, detailing required tools, algorithms, stakeholder roles, and information flows. These templates are structured around the phases of the Universal Smart Energy Framework [1] (Contract, Plan, Validate, Operate, Settle) and are designed to be adaptable across regulatory and social contexts. It is demonstrated that each coordination type results in another type of information exchange between Energy Community Members and the Energy Community Manager while the information exchange between the Energy Community Manager and Third Parties is determined by the collective energy activity. The report concludes that all types of coordination mechanisms can be applied in the collective energy activities discussed in this report. However, some activities such as providing flexibility services to a Flexibility Service Provider require the Energy Community manager to have oversight. This need introduces additional information sharing requirements in decentralised (e.g. ‘peer-to-peer’ or ‘price response’) designs. This deliverable serves as a reference for future development within U2Demo and beyond, supporting energy communities in adopting interoperable, open-source solutions for collective energy activities.