The Metabolic Role of Mitochondria in the Perinatal Cardiac Development and Cardiovascular Diseases

ABSTRACT The heart, as the central organ of the circulatory system, undergoes distinct metabolic transitions from embryonic development through postnatal maturation. A key aspect of this transition is mitochondrial maturation, which is influenced by changes in oxygen levels and metabolic substrates. These changes regulate cardiac structure and function by affecting signaling pathways and transcription factors. In cardiovascular diseases, mitochondria play a crucial role in altering metabolic patterns, contributing to pathological remodeling and worsening disease outcomes. This article explores mitochondrial roles in both cardiac development and disease progression, offering insights into potential therapeutic interventions.