POLICY OF ENGAGEMENT WITH THE LABOR DIASPORA ABROAD: ECONOMIC EFFECTS AND INSTITUTIONAL CONSTRAINTS

The article examines state policy on interaction with the labour diaspora as an element of modern public policy and the state's foreign economic strategy. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the economic effects associated with the activities of the labour diaspora, including cross-border remittances, investment activity, human capital transfer, and the participation of diaspora communities in the socio-economic development of their country of origin. Along with this, the work identifies and systematises institutional constraints that hinder the effective implementation of diaspora policy, such as the fragmentation of the regulatory framework, weak interdepartmental coordination, and insufficient institutionalisation of mechanisms for interaction with foreign communities of labour migrants. The methodological basis of the study consists of institutional and political-economic approaches, as well as a comparative analysis of international experience. The example of Kazakhstan demonstrates that, despite the significant economic potential of the labour diaspora, state policy in this area remains predominantly reactive and requires a transition to a more systematic and strategically oriented model. The conclusions can be used in the development and adjustment of state policy on interaction with the diaspora in the context of global labour mobility. Keywords: labour diaspora, public foreign policy, economic effects, institutional constraints, migration, global, labour mobility.