Local perceptions of degraded soils (“Zippela”) and factors influencing the adoption of agroecological practices for land restoration in Burkina Faso

Introduction Land degradation is a major challenge in sub-Saharan Africa, driven by unsustainable farming practices, population pressure, and climate variability. In Burkina Faso, zippelé refers to bare, crusted, and compacted soils with low organic matter and extremely low productivity. This study examined local perceptions of zippelé in the Sudano-Sahelian and Sudanian zones and explored how these perceptions influence the adoption of agroecological practices. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 266 informants representing ten ethnic groups. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and ordinal logistic regression. Results Perception of zippelé varied significantly between zones. Respondents in the Sudanian zone primarily attributed degradation to anthropogenic drivers, while those in the Sudano-Sahelian zone emphasized climatic factors. Restoration practices also differed between zones, with zaï pits, stone bunds, half-moons and mulching predominated in the Sudano-Sahelian zone, whereas composting, manure application, deep ploughing and fallowing were more common in the Sudanian zone. Adoption of multiple agroecological practices was higher in the Sudano-Sahelian zone and was positively associated with native residency and stable non-agricultural employment. Discussion Findings highlight that local ecological knowledge and socio-economic conditions are critical determinants of land restoration choices. Integrating these factors into policy design is essential for developing climate-responsive and socially appropriate restoration strategies in sub-Saharan Africa.