Investigating the Performance of Colour Oxide on the PS/CNSO Oil Paint Production

This study investigated the effect of colour oxide pigments on the production of environmentally sustainable oil paints utilizing a novel bio-based binder. Solid waste polystyrene was efficiently converted into liquid polystyrene (PS) and subsequently blended with cashew nut shell oil (CNSO) extracted from waste cashew nuts to produce a composite binder, designated as PS/CNSO. The physicochemical analysis of the PS/CNSO binder was carried out which including pH, melting point, refractive index, density and moisture uptake. Also the instrumental analysis was carried out such as: differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were thoroughly characterized to assess its suitability for paint formulation. Oil paints were then formulated using the PS/CNSO binder, incorporating varying concentrations of natural colour oxide pigments (1g, 1.5g, 2g, 2.5g, 3g, 3.5g, and 4g). The influence of pigment concentration on the physical, chemical, and aesthetic properties of the resulting paints was systematically evaluated. The findings demonstrate that the bio-based binder, combined with natural pigments, offers a sustainable alternative for oil paint production, with pigment concentration significantly affecting the performance and quality of the final product. This work highlights the potential of waste-derived materials in developing eco-friendly coating solutions.