Depolymerization in Biorefineries: A Pathway to Sustainable Marine Resource Utilization in the Blue Economy

ABSTRACT The transition to a Blue Economy emphasizes sustainable use of marine resources, aiming to replace fossil‐based materials and energy sources with renewable alternatives. Marine biorefineries play a central role in this shift by leveraging the vast and diverse potential of marine biomass, such as algae, seaweed, and marine waste, through processes like depolymerization. Depolymerization breaks down complex marine biomass polymers, such as algal polysaccharides, cellulose, chitin, and lignin, into simpler, valuable components. This enables the production of biofuels, biochemicals, nutraceuticals, and bioplastics. Advances in depolymerization methods, including enzymatic, chemical, and catalytic approaches, enable marine biorefineries to effectively process diverse biomass, transforming it into bio‐based substitutes for petrochemical products. These refined marine bioproducts support multiple industries, from pharmaceuticals to food production, while reducing the carbon footprint and conserving marine ecosystems. Integrating marine biorefineries within the Blue Economy enhances economic resilience and aligns with global goals for carbon neutrality and sustainability. Marine biorefineries, therefore, represent a pivotal innovation for the Blue Economy, as they not only create sustainable products but also encourage waste valorization and resource efficiency. As technological advancements continue, the scalability of these systems will increase, reinforcing their role in reducing reliance on fossil resources and contributing to a circular, sustainable economy. This abstract outlines the potential and future trajectory of marine biorefineries within the Blue Economy, highlighting their environmental and economic impact through sustainable depolymerization technologies.