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The article is devoted to a comprehensive comparison of the grammar of Kazakh and Turkish languages. Phonetic, grammatical and syntactic differences and similarities between the Kazakh and Turkish languages are systematically described and proved using concrete examples. Agglutinative structures, basic sentence orders and methods of word formation and word transformation, case categories of the two languages, identified in the course of a comparative study, determine the historical relationship of the Kazakh and Turkish languages. At the same time, the influence of the Arabic-Persian layer observed in the Turkish language, the change of some sounds in the language, as well as the frequent use of analytical structures indicate key features in the development of the Turkish and Kazakh languages. The authors of the article have proved the importance of comparative studies in Turkic studies by comparing historical foundations. The scientific results achieved in the framework of the study allow us to identify common patterns of language systems, to deeply understand Turkish and Kazakh languages relations. These analyses provide practical conclusions that can be used in the education system, in translation studies and teaching the structure of the Turkish languages. At the same time, it can become the basis for a deeper study and disclosure of mutual influence, historical continuity in cultural ties between the Turkish and Kazakh languages. These scientific results help to better understand the linguistic trends in the Turkic world, increase the value of scientific work and undoubtedly give a new impetus to development.