Secure Bilinear Pairing Outsourcing Made More Efficient and Flexible

The increasing availability of cloud computing allows more and more mobile devices to outsource expensive computations. Among these computations, bilinear pairing is very fundamental and frequently-used by many modern cryptographic protocols. Currently, the most efficient outsourcing algorithm of bilinear pairings requires about 5 point additions in G1 and G2 and 4 multiplications in GT under the one-malicious version of a two-untrusted-program assumption. And the result of the algorithm is checkable with a probability about 1/2. In this paper, we improve the state-of-the-art by proposing two new outsourcing algorithms for bilinear pairings. One is a more efficient outsourcing algorithm under the same assumption with the same checkability. The other is more flexible under a two-untrusted-program assumption with improved checkability. Both algorithms are better suited to various applications where on-line computations are strictly limited due to the lack of available computing resources.